2.4.4.3 Thermoelectric Power

The absolute thermoelectric power $P_n$ ($P_p$) characterizes the gradient of the quasi Fermi potential $\nabla\phi_n$ ( $\nabla\phi_p$) induced by a temperature gradient under zero current conditions:

$$P_{n,p} = - \frac{\nabla\phi_{n,p}\cdot\nabla T}{\vert\nabla T\vert^2} \quad \mathbf{J_{n,p}}=0$$ (2.9)