The full band structure gives a rather complete information about behavior of an electron in a given lattice. The determination of the band structure
and its use in modeling problems are intricate problems. However, in many important physical phenomena only a small part of the Brillouin
zone plays an essential role. This small part of the first Brillouin zone corresponds to energy levels near the bottom or top of some energy
band. It turns out that for the description of the dispersion law in the vicinity of bands extrema it is possible to construct analytical expressions
using only few parameters.
Subsections