TCAD tasks range from unit-process analysis and device characterization to yield optimization and technology selection. With tools and application strategies gradually maturing, emphasis is being shifted from point-tool applications to fully integrated and automated VLSI design modeling. Two dimensional simulation is the regular case, although shrinking device dimensions and topologically more complex designs render three-dimensional simulation more and more important. Mixed one-dimensional and two-dimensional simulation is still being used in cases where trends have to be analyzed quickly or extremely expensive models are being used.